Which type of reproduction requires only one parent?

Asexual reproduction is characterized by the involvement of only one parent to produce offspring. This mode of reproduction allows the parent organism to replicate its genetic material and give rise to offspring that are genetically identical to itself, also known as clones.

In contrast, sexual reproduction involves the combination of genetic materials from two parents, leading to offspring that have genetic variations. This method typically requires the processes of meiosis, which is essential for the formation of gametes (sperm and eggs), further indicating the need for two parents rather than one.

Binary fission, while an example of asexual reproduction, specifically refers to a method commonly seen in prokaryotes like bacteria where the organism splits into two parts. However, since binary fission is a subtype of asexual reproduction, it does not encompass all methods of asexual reproduction.

Meiosis is a process that is integral to sexual reproduction, forming gametes for mating, so it also does not satisfy the requirement for a single parent's involvement.

In summary, asexual reproduction is the broadest term covering any reproductive strategy that involves only one parent, making it the correct answer to this question.