Which molecule carries the sequence of amino acids for protein synthesis?

The molecule that carries the sequence of amino acids for protein synthesis is mRNA, or messenger RNA. mRNA serves as a template that is transcribed from DNA during the process of transcription. Once synthesized, mRNA travels from the nucleus to the ribosome, where it provides the specific sequence of nucleotides that determines the order of amino acids in a protein.

During translation, the ribosome reads the sequence of codons in the mRNA, and each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid. The amino acids are then brought to the ribosome by tRNA (transfer RNA), which has the appropriate anticodon that pairs with the mRNA codon, ensuring that the correct amino acids are incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain.

While tRNA and rRNA (ribosomal RNA) play critical roles in the process of translation, it is the mRNA that carries the actual sequence of amino acids encoded by the genetic information in DNA. Without mRNA, the sequence for protein synthesis would not be available. DNA contains the instructions for making proteins but must first be transcribed into mRNA to be translated into the protein structure.