Which chromosomes are referred to as sex chromosomes?

Sex chromosomes are the specific chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism, and in humans, these are the X and Y chromosomes. Females typically have two X chromosomes (XX), while males usually have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). This differentiation is crucial in the development of sexual characteristics and reproductive functions.

Autosomes, such as chromosomes 1-22, are the non-sex chromosomes and carry the bulk of genetic information unrelated to sex determination. Thus, while all chromosomes are vital for various genetic functions, the X and Y chromosomes specifically play a role in determining an organism's sex. The presence of only X chromosomes refers to individuals designated as female, but does not account for the male chromosome (Y) which is equally important in determining sex. Therefore, the identification of sex chromosomes as specifically the X and Y chromosomes is accurate and highlights their unique role in sexual development.