What is one of the two types of fermentation that occurs in animals?

Lactic acid fermentation is a crucial metabolic process that occurs in animals, particularly in muscle cells when oxygen levels are low, such as during intense exercise. This process allows cells to produce energy (ATP) when oxygen supply is insufficient for aerobic respiration.

During lactic acid fermentation, glucose is broken down into pyruvate, which is then converted into lactic acid. This pathway is essential because it enables the regeneration of NAD+, a coenzyme that is necessary for glycolysis to continue, thus allowing ATP production to continue even under anaerobic conditions. The buildup of lactic acid can lead to muscle fatigue and soreness, which is often felt after strenuous physical activity.

This form of fermentation is distinct from alcoholic fermentation, which is used by yeasts and some other microorganisms, and is not applicable to animal cells. Understanding lactic acid fermentation is vital for comprehending metabolic responses to exercise and energy production in animal physiology.