What does the Law of Segregation explain?

The Law of Segregation explains how alleles separate during the formation of gametes. This fundamental principle, first described by Gregor Mendel through his experiments with pea plants, states that every individual has two alleles for each gene, one inherited from each parent. During the process of gamete formation, specifically meiosis, these alleles segregate so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene. This ensures that upon fertilization, the offspring receive one allele from each parent.

This law is essential for understanding genetic variation in offspring and how traits are passed down through generations. It underpins the concept of genetic inheritance and allows for the prediction of potential trait combinations in offspring based on the alleles contributed by the parents.