In which organelle does photosynthesis primarily take place?

Photosynthesis primarily takes place in the chloroplasts, which are specialized organelles found in the cells of green plants and some algae. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, the pigment responsible for capturing light energy from the sun. This light energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen through a series of reactions known as the light-dependent and light-independent (Calvin cycle) reactions.

Chloroplasts have a double membrane structure and contain their own DNA, allowing them to replicate and function independently within the cell. This capability further emphasizes their essential role in energy production and the overall process of photosynthesis, making them unique among organelles.